Genetics
Canine Epilepsy: Genetics, Breeds at Risk, and Testing Options
Canine epilepsy is common — about 0.75% of all dogs are affected. In some breeds, the genetic form is testable. Here's what breeders need to know.
July 8, 2024 · 5 min read
Types of Canine Epilepsy
Idiopathic Epilepsy (IE) is the most common form — epilepsy with no identifiable cause other than genetic predisposition. Structural epilepsy has an identifiable cause (brain tumor, inflammation, injury). Reactive seizures are triggered by metabolic causes (hypoglycemia, toxin exposure). For breeders, idiopathic genetic epilepsy is the primary concern.
Breed-Specific Genetic Forms
- Lagotto Romagnolo: DEPDC5 gene mutation — DNA testable.
- Australian Shepherd: DIRAS1 gene mutation — DNA testable.
- Border Collie: LGI2 gene mutation — DNA testable.
- Belgian Shepherd: Benign familial juvenile epilepsy — DNA testable.
- Labrador Retriever, Golden Retriever, German Shepherd: High IE prevalence but no specific single gene identified yet.
The Challenge of Polygenic Epilepsy
Most canine idiopathic epilepsy in popular companion breeds — including French Bulldogs, Cavaliers, and Border Terriers — appears to be polygenic (influenced by many genes). No single DNA test can screen for these forms. Breeding decisions must rely on thorough pedigree analysis and avoiding breeding from affected individuals or lines with high incidence. As genomic research advances, more breed-specific markers will likely be identified.