Genetics

Abstract Poodles: The S Locus Partial Expression Explained

Abstract Poodles have small white spots — a blaze, chest patch, or toe tips — caused by partial S locus expression. Here's how this pattern is inherited and what to expect in offspring.

November 14, 2024 · 4 min read

What Is Abstract Patterning?

Abstract Poodles carry one copy of the recessive parti (sp) allele at the S locus — making them S/sp (heterozygous). Unlike parti Poodles (sp/sp) which have 50%+ white coverage, abstract dogs have only small, scattered white markings: often a white blaze on the forehead, a small chest spot, white on one or more toes, or a white tip on the tail. The amount of white varies but is always limited compared to full parti.

Inheritance of Abstract from Breeding

• Abstract × Abstract (S/sp × S/sp): 25% S/S (solid), 50% S/sp (abstract), 25% sp/sp (parti)
• Abstract × Parti (S/sp × sp/sp): 50% abstract, 50% parti
• Abstract × Solid Non-carrier (S/sp × S/S): 50% abstract, 50% solid non-carrier
• Parti × Parti (sp/sp × sp/sp): 100% parti

AKC Registration of Abstract Poodles

Abstract markings (sometimes called 'tuxedo' or 'mismark') are not within the AKC Poodle breed standard for solid-color show dogs — a show dog must be a uniform solid color. Abstract Poodles can still be AKC registered and are perfectly healthy. They cannot compete in conformation shows as a standard color but can compete in performance events (agility, obedience, rally) without restriction.